| Direction – Social Democracy Smer – sociálna demokracia |
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|---|---|
| Leader | Robert Fico |
| Founded | 1999 |
| Headquarters | Bratislava |
| Youth wing | Young Social Democrats |
| Ideology | Social democracy, Left-wing nationalism,[1][2] Left-wing populism[3] |
| Political position | Centre-left |
| International affiliation | Socialist International |
| European affiliation | Party of European Socialists |
| European Parliament Group | Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats |
| Official colours | Red, Green |
| National Council |
62 / 150
|
| European Parliament |
5 / 13
|
| Website | |
| http://www.strana-smer.sk | |
| Politics of Slovakia Political parties Elections |
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The party Direction – Social Democracy (Slovak: Smer – sociálna demokracia), often abbreviated to Smer, is a centre-left political party in Slovakia. It is led by Robert Fico, who was Prime Minister from 2006 to 2010. It is the largest party in the National Council, with 62 seats.
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Originally named Direction, the party emerged as a breakaway from the Party of the Democratic Left (SDĽ) in 1999. Under Fico, at the time one of the most popular politicians in the country, it quickly surpassed the SDĽ. In 2003 it changed its formal name to Direction (Third Way) (Slovak: Smer (tretia cesta)).[4] In 2005, it absorbed SDĽ and several other centre-left parties and adopted its current name. Following the party's victory in 2006, Smer entered into a coalition with the nationalist Slovak National Party (SNS). For this, it was suspended from membership of the Party of European Socialists (PES). The PES Chairman, Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, explained in The Slovak Spectator that "Most of our members stood solidly behind our values, according to which forming a coalition with the extreme right is unacceptable."[5] Smer was readmitted in 2008.
The party arose as a breakaway from the Party of the Democratic Left (SDĽ) in 1999 (Robert Fico being the most popular SDĽ member at that time) and quickly became one of the most popular parties in Slovakia, while the popularity of the SDĽ, which was the successor of the original Communist Party of Slovakia and was a government party from 1998 to 2002, was steadily decreasing.
As of 2004, it was the third largest party in the National Council of the Slovak Republic, with 25 out of 150 seats. As of early 2005, it was in the first place among all Slovak political parties in opinion polls with 30% support.
As from 1 January 2005, Smer merged with the small social-democratic parties:
The resulting entity was renamed Smer – Social Democracy.
In the parliamentary election of 17 June 2006, the party won 29.1% of the popular vote and 50 out of 150 seats. Following the election, Smer formed a coalition government with the People's Party – Movement for a Democratic Slovakia (HZDS) and Slovak National Party (SNS), an "extremist"[6][7][8] nationalist party.[6][7][9] Smer was then temporarily suspended from membership in the Party of European Socialists (PES) on 12 October 2006 because the PES considers SNS a "political party which incites or attempts to stir up racial or ethnic prejudices and racial hatred."[10] but was readmitted on 14 February 2008.
Although the party won the most votes in the 2010 parliamentary election, with a lead of 20% over second-placed SDKÚ,[11] they were not able to form a government, due to the losses of their coalition partners. Their result, 34.8%, won 62 seats in the National Council for them, but the HZDS failed to cross the 5% threshold, losing all their seats, and the Slovak National Party was reduced to nine seats. As a result, the four opposition centre-right parties – SDKÚ, SaS, KDH and Most–Híd – were able to form a new government.[12]
Smer provided the following members of the government (2006–2010):
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